![]() Number of Shigella Co-infection with HIV by Year– Taiwan, 2012-2018 Number of Shigella Infections by Year– Taiwan, 2000-2018įigure 2. The increasing of imported cases usually associated with not only traveling to Southeast Asia but also with importing foreign workers from these areas.įigure 1. flexneri are the common strains in Taiwan. However Shigellosis outbreaks among HIV infected persons since March, 2015 and resulted in the incidence rate increased. The incidence rate decreased from 2007 through 2014 (domestically acquired shigellosis in Taiwan is 0.31 per 100,000 population in recent 10 years). After promoting a series of surveillance and management plans, such as providing access to safe drinking water and leading health education programs, the number of indigenous cases decreased significantly. A decade ago, many outbreaks took place in indigenous areas, especially in the eastern part of Taiwan. Shigellosis is one of the Category 2 communicable diseases in Taiwan, and all cases of shigellosis should be reported to health departments. Bacterial dysentery due to Shigella species is a major cause of morbidity and mortality 165 million cases occur annually worldwide, with 1 million associated deaths. Shigella species are a common cause of bacterial diarrhea worldwide, especially in developing countries. Thus, antibiotic susceptibility testing is essential for management of all patients with Shigella infection. Although the increasing antimicrobial resistance of Shigella species is a major problem worldwide. However, because most individuals will clear the infection spontaneously, antibiotic treatment is not essential unless those who are immunocompromised or who develop severe illness. Antibiotic treatment can only shorten the duration of illness by about 1-2 days. Possible complications include post-infection arthritis, blood stream infections, seizures, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome or HUS. ![]() In persons with healthy immune systems, symptoms usually self-limited, lasting on about 4 to 7 days. Severity and case-fatality rate vary with the host (age and nutrition state) and serotype. ![]() Stools may contain blood and mucus because of mucosal ulceration. Symptoms of shigellosis characterized by loose stools accompanied by fever, nausea, and sometimes toxemia, vomiting, abdominal pain, and tenesmus. Shigellosis is an acute bacterial disease involving the distal small intestine and colon. The incubation period is usually 1-3 days, but may ranges from 12-96 hours and up to 1 week for S. Transmission occurs when people put something in their mouths or swallow something that has come into contact with stool of a person infected with Shigella. It mainly by direct or indirect fecal-oral transmission from a symptomatic patient or asymptomatic carrier. Shigella organisms can survive transit through the stomach since they are less susceptible to acid than other bacteria the infective doses can be as low as 10-100 organisms. The only significant reservoir is humans. Group A, B, and C are further divided into 15, 8, and 19 species. There are four different species of Shigella: S. Shigella strains are Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, nonmotile rods classified in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Shigellosis is a diarrheal disease caused by Shigella species.
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